Guntur district is one of the twenty six districts in the Coastal Andhra region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The administrative seat of the district is located at Guntur, the largest city of the district in terms of area and with a population of 670,073.
The district is often referred to as the Land of Chillies.
Etymology
The district derives its name from its district headquarters, Guntur.
There are several opinions on the meaning and origin of the word Guntur. The word owes its origin to words like gundu (a rock), gunta (a pond) and kunta (1/3 of an acre). In Sanskrit Guntur is called Garthapuri (Guntlapuri).
The earliest reference to Guntur, a variant of Guntur, comes from the Idern plates of Ammaraja I (922-929 AD) of the Chalukyas of Vengi. Guntur also appears in another two inscriptions dated 1147 AD and 1158 AD.
History
The original
Sanskrit name (ancient Vedic culture) for Guntur was Garthapuri. The 'Agasthyeswara Sivalayam' in the old city of Guntur is an ancient temple for
Shiva. It has inscriptions on two stones in 'Naga Lipi' (ancient script). It is said that
Agastya built the temple in the last
Treta Yuga around the
Swayambhu Linga and hence the name. The 'Nagas' were said to have ruled the region. The place of
Sitanagaram and the Guthikonda Caves can be traced (through Vedic
Puranas) back to the traditional timescale
Treta Yuga and
Dvapara Yuga. Guntur District is home to the second oldest evidence of human habitation in India, in the form of
Palaeolithic (old Stone Age) implements. Ancient history can be traced from the time of Sala kings who ruled during the 5th century BCE. The earliest reference to Guntur, a variant of
Guntur, comes from the Idern plates of Ammaraja I (922–929 CE), the
Vengi King. Guntur also appears in two inscriptions dated 1147 and 1158 CE. inscribed on a Railing Pillar at
Velpuru|left]]Since the beginning of Buddhist time, Guntur stood in the forefront in matters of culture, education and civilisation.
Gautama Buddha preached at
Dharanikota/Dhanyakatakam near Guntur and conducted
Kalachakra ceremony, which takes its antiquity to 500 BCE.
[Buddha's Preaching of the Kalachakra Tantra at the Stupa of Dhanyakataka, H. Hoffman, in: German Scholars on India, Vol. I, 1973, pp. 136–140, Varanasi] Taranatha, a Buddhist monk writes: "On the full moon of the month Chaitra in the year following his enlightenment, at the great stupa of Dhanyakataka, the Buddha emanated the mandala of "The Glorious Lunar Mansions" (Kalachakra).
[Taranatha; The history of the Kālacakra tradition in Sambhala and India] Buddhists established universities in ancient times at Dhanyakataka and Amaravathi. Scores of Buddhist stupas were excavated in the villages of Guntur district.
Nagarjuna, an influential
Buddhist philosophy taught at
Nagarjunakonda and is said to have discovered
Mica in 200 BCE.
China traveller and Buddhist monk Hiuen Tsang (
Xuanzang) visited Amaravati in 640 C.E., stayed for sometime and studied 'Abhidhammapitakam'. He observed that there were many Viharas and some of them were deserted, which points out that
Hinduism was gaining ground at that time. Xuanzang wrote a glorious account of the place,
and monasteries that existed.
Guntur was successively ruled by famous dynasties such as the , , , Ananda Gotrikas, Vishnukundina, Kota Vamsa, , , , Musunuri Nayakas, Reddi kingdom, Vijayanagara and during ancient and medieval times. The famous battle of Palnadu which is enshrined in legend and literature as Palnati Yuddham was fought in Guntur district in 1180 CE.
Qutb Shahis, Nizams and later
During the 16th century Guntur became part of the
Mughal empire. In 1579 Khasa Rayarao, a Deshastha Brahmin who was the Commander-in-Chief of Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah captured
Kondaveedu Fort. After that, Khasa Rayarao was made the Governor of the Kondaveedu Sima (present Guntur district) by changing its name to Murtazanagar Sircar and kept the financial administration of this region in his hands. Khasa Rayarao appointed many Deshastha Brahmins,
Kammas and some
as
and
.
In 1687 CE when the emperor
Aurangzeb conquered the Qutb Shahi sultanate of
Golconda, of which Guntur was then a part. In 1724 CE,
Asaf Jah, viceroy of the empire's southern provinces, declared his independence as the
Nizam of
Hyderabad state. The coastal districts of Hyderabad, known as the
Northern Circars, were occupied by the
France in 1750. During this time, the Manur Rao family of Deshastha Brahmin community, the Vasireddi family of Kamma community and the Manik Rao family of
Velama community were prominent Zamindar families in the present day Guntur district. The Manur Rao family were rulers of
Chilakaluripet and
Sattenapalle, The Vasireddi family were rulers of Amaravathi Zamindari and The Manik Rao family were the rulers of
Repalle.
Post Independence
The Guntur region played a significant role in the struggle for independence and the formation of
Andhra Pradesh. The northern,
Telugu language districts of
Madras State, including Guntur, advocated to become a separate state after independence. The new state of Andhra region named
Andhra State, was created in 1953 from the eleven northern districts of Madras State. In 1970, part of Guntur district was split off to become part of the Prakasam district.
The district suffers from Naxalite insurgency and is a part of the Red corridor.
Geography
Guntur district occupies an area of approximately ,
The
Krishna River forms the northeastern and eastern boundary of the district, separating it from
Krishna district. The district is bounded on the southeast by the Bay of Bengal, on the south by
Bapatla district, on the west by
Palnadu district and on the northwest by
NTR district and north east
Krishna district.
Guntur Coast is located on the south east coast of India (also known as the Coromandel Coast) (quotes from NASA site). Krishna river merges into Bay of Bengal at the coastal area of Guntur district. The braided stream channels, broad floodplain, and extensive sandbars suggest that this part of the Krishna river flows through relatively flat terrain and carries substantial amounts of sediment, especially during the monsoon season. Suryalanka Beach near Bapatla, Bobbarrlanka in Repalle, Nizampatnam Beach in Nizampatnam are tourist beaches in Guntur coastline.
Demographics
census of India, the district had a population of 4,887,813 with a density of . The total population constitute, 2,440,521 males and 2,447,292 females – a sex ratio of 1003 females per 1000 males. The total urban population is 16,52,738 (33.81%).
After bifurcation the district had a population of 20,91,075, of which 1,072,544 (51.29%) lived in urban areas. Guntur district had a sex ratio of 1007 females to 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 4,21,861 (20.17%) and 69,017 (3.30%) of the population respectively.
At the time of the 2011 census, 86.14% of the population spoke Telugu language and 12.32% Urdu as their first language.
Administrative setup
Collectorate
The Collectorate play a pivotal role in the district administration. Collector in the cadre of IAS heads the district. He acts as the District Magistrate for maintaining Law and order in his jurisdiction. He deals mainly with planning and development. Law and Order, scheduled areas/ agency areas, general elections, arms licensing etc.
The Joint Collector, who also belongs to the IAS cadre, runs the Revenue administration under various enactments in the district. He is also designated as Additional District Magistrate. He mainly deals with civil supplies,land matters, mines and minerals,village officers etc.
The District Revenue Officer (DRO), in the cadre of Special Grade Deputy Collectors, assists the Collector and Joint Collector in discharging their duties. The District Revenue Officer looks after all the branches of the Collectorate. He deals mainly with general administration and is vested with supervision of day-to-day functions of the collectorate.
The administrative officer in the rank of a Tahsildar is the general assistant to the collector. He directly supervises all the sections in the collectorate and most of the files are routed through him.
The collectorate is divided into 8 sections as per the administrative reforms taken up by the Government of Andhra Pradesh.
-
Section A:: Deals with Establishment and Office Procedures
-
Section B:: Deals with Accounts and audit
-
Section C:: Deals with Magisterial (Court/Legal) matters.
-
Section D:: Deals with land Revenue and relief
-
Section E:: Deals with Land Administration
-
Section F:: Deals with Land Reforms
-
Section G:: Deals with Land Acquisition
-
Section H:: Deals with Protocol, elections and Residual work.
Administrative divisions
The district is divided into Two Revenue divisions, namely, Guntur, Tenali. These are sub-divided into 18
Tehsil,
which are in turn divided as 57
Panchayat samiti (Block)s, 712 villages and 16 towns. These 16 towns includes, 2 municipal corporation, 2
Municipality and 1
census town. Gurazala revenue division was newly formed in the year 2013.
city is the one municipal corporation and district headquarter Mangalagiri Tadepalli Municipal Corporation is the second municipal corporation in Guntur district.
Vaddeswaram is categorised as a census town.
The 2 municipalities in the district are Tenali, Ponnur.
Politics
Parliament segment
Guntur Lok Sabha constituency
Assembly segments
Guntur constituency presently comprises the following legislative assembly segments:
|
| 86 | Tadikonda | Dalit | Guntur |
| 87 | Mangalagiri | None |
| 88 | Ponnur | None |
| 91 | Tenali | None |
| 93 | Prathipadu | Dalit |
| 94 | Guntur West | None |
| 95 | Guntur East | None |
Mandals
The below table categorises the 18
Tehsil into their respective revenue divisions in the district:
-
Guntur revenue division
-
Guntur East
-
Guntur West
-
Medikonduru
-
Pedakakani
-
Pedanandipadu
-
Phirangipuram
-
Prathipadu
-
Tadikonda mandal
-
Thullur mandal
-
Vatticherukuru
-
Tenali revenue division
-
Chebrolu mandal
-
Duggirala mandal
-
Kakumanu mandal
-
Kollipara mandal
-
Mangalagiri
-
Ponnur mandal
-
Tadepalle
-
Tenali mandal
Cities and towns
| +Municipal Bodies in Guntur District
!S.No.
!City / Town
!Civic Status of Town
!Municipality
Formation Year
!2011 Census
Population
!2001 Census
Population
!1991 Census
Population
!1981 Census
Population
!1971 Census
Population
!1961 Census
Population
!1951 Census
Population |
| 1 | Guntur | Municipal Corporation | 1866 | 670,073 | 514,461 | 417,051 | 367,699 | 2,69,991 | 1,87,122 | 1,25,255 |
| 2 | Mangalagiri Tadepalli | Municipal Corporation | 2021 | 300,497 | 63,349 | 59,152 | 46,172 | 32,850 | 22,182 | 17,586 |
| 3 | Tenali | Municipality Grade - Special | 1912 | 164,937 | 153,756 | 143,726 | 119,257 | 102,937 | 78,525 | 58,116 |
| 4 | Ponnur | Municipality Grade - 2 | 1964 | 59,913 | 57,640 | 54,363 | 50,206 | 31,463 | 22,872 | 17,972 |
Note -
-
Dachepalli Nagar Panchayat includes Dachepalli and Nadikudi.
-
Gurazala Nagar Panchayat includes Gurazala and Jangamaheswaram.
| +Erstwhile Talukas Non-Municipalities Population.
!S.No
!Town
!Civic Status of Town
!2011 Census
Population |
| 1 | Prathipadu | Grama Panchayat | 14,305 |
| 2 | Tadikonda | Grama Panchayat | 18,505 |
Village Panchayats
Guntur district has 1022 Gram Panchayats covering 58 mandals including seized mandals. Panchayat secretaries have been working for the cluster Headquarter Gram Panchayats. The main objective of the Panchayat Raj Department is to provide civic amenities to the rural public.
Erstwhile Talukas
-
Before Formation of mandals, Administration was done through Taluka system.
-
Guntur District had 8 Talukas in 1971, later in 1978 they were increased to 21 Talukas.
-
In 1985, Mandal system was created and 57 mandals were formed in the district.
-
In 2018, Guntur mandal is split into Guntur East and Guntur West mandals making a total of 58 mandals.
-
In 2022, with 18 mandals new district was formed.
| +
!S.No.
!Erstwhile Talukas
in 1971
!Newly formed Talukas
in 1978
!Newly formed Mandals
in 1985 |
| 1 | Guntur | Guntur | Guntur, Pedakakani, Chebrolu part |
| Prathipadu | Prathipadu, Vatticherukuru, Pedanandipadu part |
| Tadikonda | Tadikonda, Thullur, Amaravathi part |
| Mangalagiri | Mangalagiri, Tadepalli, |
| 2 | Tenali | Tenali | Tenali, Tsundur,Vemuru part, Chebrolu part |
| Emani | Duggirala, Kollipara, |
| Amruthalur | Amruthalur, Kolluru, Vemuru part |
| 3 | Repalle | Repalle | Repalle, Bhattiprolu, |
| Pallapatla | Cherukupalli, Nagaram, Nizampatnam, |
| 4 | Bapatla | Bapatla | Bapatla, Karlapalem, Pittalavanipalem |
| Ponnur | Ponnuru, Kakumanu, |
| 5 | Narsaraopeta | Narsaraopeta | Narasaraopeta, Nakirekallu, Rompicherla, |
| Chilakaluripeta | Chilakaluripeta, Edlapadu, Nadendla, Pedanandipadu part, |
| 6 | Vinukonda | Vinukonda | Vinukonda, Nuzendla, Savalyapuram part |
| Ipur | Ipur, Bollapalle, Savalyapuram part |
| 7 | Palnadu | Palnadu | Gurajala, Karempudi, Rentachintala part, |
| Macherla | Macherla, Durgi, Veldurthy, Rentachintala part, |
| Piduguralla | Piduguralla, Dachepalle, Machavaram, |
| 8 | Sattenapalle | Sattenapalle | Sattenapalle, Phirangipuram, Medikonduru, |
| Rajupalem | Rajupalem, Bellamkonda, Muppala, Krosuru part |
| Talluru | Atchampet, Pedakurapadu, Amaravathi part, Krosuru part |
Economy
The Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) of the district is and it contributes 9.5% to the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). For the FY 2013–14, the per capita income at current prices was . The primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the district contribute , and respectively to the GDDP.
The major products contributing to the GVA of the district from agriculture and allied services are paddy mail, cotton kapas, chili pepper, banana, milk, meat and fisheries. The GVA to the industrial and service sector is contributed from construction, electricity, manufacturing, transport and education.
Transport
The total road length of
in the district is .
There exists of rail network in the district.
Education and research
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the
School Education Department of the state.
As per the school information report for the academic year 2015–16, there are a total of 4,739 schools. They include, 32 government, 2,839 mandal and zilla parishads, 2 residential, 1329 private, 14 model, 24 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV), 296 municipal and 203 other types of schools.
The total number of students enrolled in primary, upper primary and high schools of the district are 637,031.
The district being home to the capital city, it is experiencing a growth in private international schools as well.
The Central Board of Secondary Education, Secondary School Certificate or the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education are the different types of syllabus followed by different schools. The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English, Telugu and Urdu.
There are several junior colleges which are under government, residential, social welfare, disabled welfare, private aided and unaided for the purpose of imparting (10+2) education and the students sit for the certificate of Board of Intermediate Education.
Culture
The district has many festivals such as
Rama Navami,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
Krishnastami,
.
There are hill temple festivals at
Kotappakonda,
Mangalagiri.
Sports
Mangalagiri International Cricket Stadium is being built in a site in
Navuluru, village of
Mangalagiri town, Guntur district, about 15 km from the city of Vijayawada. The exclusive stadium of the Andhra Cricket Association will be the venue for international and Ranji matches.
Tourism
Places of historical importance in the district include
Ponnur,
Undavalli Caves,
Gurazala,
Mangalagiri, Tadepalle,
Tenali and the archaeological museum in Guntur. There are many places of interest like
Undavalli Caves.
Tradition and spirituality
Prolaya Vema Reddi built number of Lord Shiva temples during his reign. Number of temples were constructed in Krishna valley during the reign of Vasireddy Venkatadri Nayudu. Tall towers (
Gaali Gopuram) of these temples in many villages and towns of Guntur district stand testimony to his devotion and munificence. Some of the famous destinations are
Nadivelamma Talli Temple in Rajavolu, and there will be annual festival on Full moon day in the month of
Chaitra maas.
Amaravathi temple, the abode of
Lord Shiva, present in the form of a
Shiva Linga. The Auspicious Hill of Mangalagiri town, is dedicated to
Lord Narasimha with three temples of Panakala Narasimha Swamy on the hill, Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy at the foot of the temple, Gandala Narasimha Swamy at the top of the hill, are also famous. Other famous temples are
Bhavanarayanaswami temple in Bapatla,
Sri Laxmi Chennakesava Swamy Temple in Macherla,
Kotappakonda,
[http://www.kotappakonda.com Kotappakonda.com] Pedakakani,
Vykuntapuram in
Tenali.and also subramaneswara Swamy temple,polleramathalli temple, agastheswaraswamy temple (which was built in 8 century by agasthaya mahrashi and rebuilt by Sri Krishna Devaraya)
Healthcare
Healthcare is provided by government and private institutions. The Guntur Government Hospital provides free healthcare.
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) is situated in
Mangalagiri.
The nonprofit or charity hospitals are the Sankara Eye Hospital.
Notable people
-
Aluri Chakrapani, film producer
-
Jamuna, actress
-
Krishna, film actor
-
Posani Krishna Murali, actor, writer
-
Dokka Manikya Vara Prasad, former State Minister
-
Ambati Rayudu, former Indian Cricketer
-
Kotha Raghuramaiah, Member of Parliament and former Central Minister
-
N. G. Ranga, Member of Parliament
-
N. Bhaskara Rao, former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
-
Alla Ayodhya Rami Reddy, Member of Parliament and Founded Ramky Group of Companies
-
A. V. Gurava Reddy, leading surgeon
-
Bhavanam Venkatarami Reddy, former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
-
Kallam Anji Reddy, the founder of Dr. Reddy's Laboratories
-
Kallam Satish Reddy present Chairman of Dr. Reddy's Laboratories
-
Savitri, actress
-
Sharada, actress and Member of Parliament
-
Sumalatha, actress and Member of Parliament
See also
-
Timeline of Guntur
-
List of people from Guntur
-
Kollur Mine
Bibliography
External links
